Abstract Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are highly specialized parasites that interact with their host plants using a range of strategies. The esophageal glands are the main places where nematodes synthesize effector proteins. which play central roles in successful invasion. The Meloidogyne incognita effector MiISE5 is exclusively expressed within the subventral esophageal cells and is up... https://emporiumsmokeshopstles.shop/product-category/cases/