This paper proposes a two-stage universal adaptive stabilizer (UAS)-based optimization technique for an accurate and efficient estimation of Li-ion battery model parameters. The first stage utilizes an UAS-based adaptive parameters estimation (APE) technique to acquire an initial estimate of battery model parameters. The second stage utilizes one of the three different optimization te... https://www.sweetandspicyessentials.com/product-category/biscuits-snacks-9/