Abstract Exploring host plant resistance and elevating plant defense mechanisms through the application of exogenous elicitors stands as a promising strategy for integrated pest management. The fall armyworm. a pernicious menace to grain crops in tropical and subtropical regions. stands as a formidable threat due to its capacity for devastation and a wide-ranging spectrum of host plants. https://www.balboasurfandsstylers.shop/product-category/womens-beanies/